{"id":503,"date":"2024-06-01T14:04:35","date_gmt":"2024-06-01T11:04:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/road-to-heaven.viro35.ru\/?page_id=503"},"modified":"2025-01-09T16:58:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T13:58:52","slug":"%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/road-to-heaven.viro35.ru\/?page_id=503","title":{"rendered":"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\/* DML - Data Manipulation Language (\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438) *\/<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nSELECT<\/span>, <\/span>INSERT<\/span>, <\/span>UPDATE<\/span>, <\/span>DELETE<\/span>, <\/span>MERGE<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/* DDL - Data Definition Language (\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445) *\/<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nCREATE<\/span>, <\/span>ALTER<\/span>, <\/span>DROP<\/span>, RENAME, <\/span>TRUNCATE<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/* TCL - Transaction Control Language (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439) *\/<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nCOMMIT<\/span>, <\/span>ROLLBACK<\/span>, SAVEPOINT<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/* DCL - Data Control Language *\/<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nGRANT<\/span>, <\/span>REVOKE<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
SELECT<\/strong> — \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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SELECT<\/span> * <\/span>FROM<\/span> <\/span>table<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
INSERT <\/strong>— \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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INSERT INTO<\/span> tableName (column1, column2, ...) <\/span>VALUES<\/span> (value1, value2, ...);<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/* \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e *\/<\/span><\/span>\nINSERT INTO<\/span> targetTable (column1, column2, ...)<\/span><\/span>\nSELECT<\/span>      (column1, column2, ...)<\/span><\/span>\nFROM<\/span>        sourceTable<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
UPDATE <\/strong>— \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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UPDATE<\/span> tableName<\/span><\/span>\nSET<\/span> column1=value1, column2=value2,...<\/span><\/span>\nWHERE<\/span> filterColumn=filterValue<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
DELETE <\/strong>— \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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DELETE<\/span> <\/span>FROM<\/span> <\/span>table<\/span> <\/span>WHERE<\/span> condition<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/* \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 JOIN \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b *\/<\/span><\/span>\nDELETE<\/span> Reservations <\/span>FROM<\/span><\/span>\nReservations <\/span>JOIN<\/span> Rooms <\/span>ON<\/span><\/span>\nReservations.room_id = Rooms.id<\/span><\/span>\nWHERE<\/span> Rooms.has_kitchen = false;<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/* \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 JOIN \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 *\/<\/span><\/span>\nDELETE<\/span> Reservations, Rooms <\/span>FROM<\/span><\/span>\nReservations <\/span>JOIN<\/span> Rooms <\/span>ON<\/span><\/span>\nReservations.room_id = Rooms.id<\/span><\/span>\nWHERE<\/span> Rooms.has_kitchen = false;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
MERGE <\/strong>— \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00a0people_target<\/code>\u00a0\u0438\u00a0people_source<\/code>\u00a0\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430\u00a0person_id<\/code>. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u00a0people_target<\/code>\u00a0\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u00a0people_source<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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MERGE<\/span> <\/span>INTO<\/span> people_target pt <\/span><\/span>\nUSING<\/span> people_source ps <\/span><\/span>\nON<\/span>    (pt.person_id = ps.person_id) <\/span><\/span>\nWHEN<\/span> <\/span>MATCHED<\/span> <\/span>THEN<\/span> <\/span>UPDATE<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>SET<\/span> pt.first_name = ps.first_name, <\/span><\/span>\n      pt.last_name = ps.last_name, <\/span><\/span>\n      pt.title = ps.title;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 MySQL \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 TRUNCATE, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 DELETE \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f WHERE \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 LIMIT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TRUNCATE\u00a0<\/strong>— \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0433\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0421\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ORDER BY<\/strong> — \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, ASC — \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0442), DESC — \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    NULL <\/strong>— \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 «\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445», «\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f». \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e null \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f COALESCE \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f NULL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    SELECT<\/span> <\/span>COALESCE<\/span>(<\/span>NULL<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>); -> \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 <\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f NULLIF \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 NULL, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    SELECT<\/span> <\/span>NULLIF<\/span>(<\/span>'Hello'<\/span>, <\/span>'Hello'<\/span>); -> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 <\/span>null<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 null \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442 false \u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 null<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 null \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    SELECT<\/span> <\/span>COALESCE<\/span>(price, <\/span>0<\/span>) <\/span>FROM<\/span> products;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f NULL<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
    SELECT<\/span> <\/span>FROM<\/span> users <\/span>WHERE<\/span> <\/span>name<\/span> <\/span>IS<\/span> <\/span>NOT<\/span> <\/span>DISTINCT<\/span> <\/span>FROM<\/span> <\/span>address<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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